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Kurile Lake ((ロシア語:Кури́льское о́зеро) ''"Kuril’skoye Ozero"'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kuril’skoye Ozero: Russia )〕 aka ''"Keuay"''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Keuay: Russia )〕) is a large caldera containing a crater lake located at the southern tip of Kamchatka Peninsula, within the Southern Kamchatka Wildlife Refuge in Russia. It has an area of (the third largest by area of all lakes in Kamchatka and the second among the freshwater lakes, second only to Kronotsky lake). The lake has an average depth of , and a maximum depth of . The lake is fed by snowmelt, rain and a few rivers and streams: the Etimynk, Hakytsin, Vychenkiya and Kirushutk. From the lake flows the Ozernaya (Lake) river into the Sea of Okhotsk to the west. The magnitude of fluctuation in the water level is one to three meters (the highest levels are from May to June and the lowest in April). The average water temperature off the shore is between six and seven degrees Celsius in September. In the north-east coast is the dormant〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Global Volcanism Program | Ilyinsky )〕 volcano Ilinskaya (Elijah). There are a few islands in the lake, the largest of which, Samang, is 0.66 km². Other islands include Chayachy, Serdtse (Heart), Nizkii (Low), and Glinyanii (Clay). There are hot mineral springs in the area. ==Volcanology== The Kurile lake caldera was formed by two large volcanic explosions, one 41,500 radiocarbon years ago and the other around 6440 BC. The huge amount of material ejected during the second explosion, comparable to some of the largest eruptions in recorded history, produced thick pyroclastic flow deposits around the countryside, and some ash fell more than 1000 km away on the Asian mainland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Global Volcanism Program | Kurile Lake )〕 The pyroclastic-flow deposit is about 100-m thick at a location on the Ozernaya River, 3 km west of Kurile Lake, forming a spectacular curtain of cliffs, known as Kuthiny Baty ("vertical standing boat") because of its erosionally fluted formation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kurile Lake, Russia )〕 The explosion of around 6440 BC is given a VEI rating of 7, the second highest ranking on the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program's Volcanic Explosivity Index, making it comparable to some of the largest eruptions in recorded history such as Santorini, Changbaishan, Crater Lake, Kikai and Tambora.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Large Volcano Explocivity Index )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kurile Lake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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